Wszyscy piszą, że są to synonimy stosowane zamiennie i znaczące to samo. Ja, ale to tylko moje postrzeganie widziałem zawsze w tych słowach subtelną różnicę. Anybody - nikogo,każdego, Anyone - to znaczy to samo, ale jakbyś chciał podkreślić każdego z osobna.
One and body have the same meaning in compound pronouns. We use everyone and everybody in the same way.
- Someone knows what happened. (= one person)
- One knows what happened. (= people in general)
(*) What ever/Whatever can the matter be?
(*) How ever/However did you manage to find us?
(*) Who ever/Whoever invited that awful man?
This means that the speaker has no idea what the answer is. The emphasis often
expresses surprise. The speaker is surprised that someone invited that awful man.
We can use these words with the meaning 'it doesn't matter who', 'it doesn't
matter what', etc.
(*) Whoever plays in goal, we're bound to lose.
(*) I won't change my mind whatever you say.
(*) Whenever I ring Tracy, she's never there.
(*) I can't draw faces, however hard I try.
We can use whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever and however.
Look at these examples.
(*) Whoever designed this building ought to be shot.
(= the person who designed this building - no matter who it is)
(*) I'll spend my money on whatever I like.
(= the thing that I like - no matter what it is)
(*) Whichever date we choose will be inconvenient for some of us.
(= the date that we choose - no matter which it is)
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any and any-
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These raise grammatical questions as well as issues of style. As an indefinite pronoun, any can stand for either singular or plural, and the verb agreement varies accordingly:
(*) Is any of their advice to be taken seriously?
(*) None of those apples. We don’t want any that are wrinkled.
The personal pronoun agreeing with any is very often they, them, their:
(*) If any of the staff come, make them welcome.
This use of them (they/their) with any is now the most neutral form of agreement, whatever objection may be made in terms of formal agreement (see further under they).
The use of him or her in that sentence would turn it into an expectation about the sex of the staff attending. The agreement with anyone and anybody likewise frequently involves they, them, their, again maintaining the indefiniteness, and in spite of a singular verb.
Other any-compounds are adverbs, some of which (anyhow, anymore, anyway, anywhere) are regularly set solid. The solid setting of anymore meaning “any longer” is widely used in the US and elsewhere outside the UK (Burchfield, 1996); and it contrasts usefully with the juxtaposed determiners any and more in Any more news?
But anymore (as adverb) tends to be replaced by the spaced any more in formal British style. The BNC’s examples of anymore meaning “any longer” (almost 300) come from interactive or colloquial writing:
(*) The joke isn’t funny anymore.
(*) They don’t make films like his anymore.
“Anytime, anywhere,” the note had said.
(*) They’ll explain it to anyone, anytime . . .
The last two examples show how the setting of established any-compounds provides a pattern for the newer ones.
Anytime appears more than 100 times in BNC data, again in informal discourse.
Writers of more formal prose may wish to space out any more and any time, but it makes no difference to the adverbial meaning.
Some any-compounds are strongly associated with American rather than British English. This is so for anymore used in positive rather than negative constructions. Compare the examples given above with Listening is a rare art anymore, where it means “nowadays.”
Anyplace and anywheres are also most at home in American English, the former gaining ground as the latter seems to be losing it, according to Webster’s Dictionary of Usage (1989). The use of
anybody and anyone is a further point of regional divergence: see under -one or -body.
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-one or -body
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The alternatives anyone/anybody, everyone/everybody, someone/somebody, no one/nobody are in regular use in both the US and the UK, yet the forms with -one are a good deal more frequent overall, in data from CCAE and the BNC. The forms with -body are most common in conversation, according to the Longman Grammar (1999), and used more freely in American than British fiction.
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